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Lope K. Santos | |
---|---|
Born | Lope Santos y Canseco September 25, 1879 Pasig, Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
Died | May 1, 1963 (aged 83) |
Resting place | Manila South Cemetery[1] |
Nationality | Filipino |
Alma mater | Escuela de Derecho (now Manila Law College Foundation) |
Occupation | writer, lawyer, politician |
Known for | 'Father of the Filipino Grammar' |
Notable work | Banaag at Sikat Ako'y Si Wika Aḡ PaḡgiḡeraAno Ang Babae? Lope k. Santos |
Senator of the Philippines (Twelfth District) | |
In office 1919–1922 | |
President | Woodrow Wilson (1919–1921) Warren G. Harding (1921–1922) |
Preceded by | Hadji Butu |
Succeeded by | Hadji Butu |
Governor of Rizal | |
In office 1910–1913 | |
Preceded by | José G. Tupaz |
Succeeded by | Mariano C. Melendez |
Governor of Nueva Vizcaya | |
In office 1918–1920 | |
Personal details | |
Political party | Nacionalista Party |
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Lope K. Santos (born Lope Santos y Canseco, September 25, 1879 – May 1, 1963) was a FilipinoTagalog language writer and former senator of the Philippines. He is best known for his 1906 socialist novel, Banaag at Sikat and to his contributions for the development of Filipinogrammar and Tagalog orthography.
Lope K. Santos was born in Pasig, Province of Manila (now a part of Metro Manila), as Lope Santos y Canseco to Ladislao Santos, a native of Pasig and Victorina Canseco, a native of San Mateo on September 25, 1879. His father was imprisoned during Philippine Revolution because Spanish authorities found copies of José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and Ang Kalayaan in his possession.
Santos was sent to Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros (Higher Normal School for Teachers) for education and later finished schooling at Colegio Filipino. During Philippine Revolution of 1896, Santos joined revolutionaries. By the time of the death of his mother, she requested Lope to marry Simeona Salazar. Marriage happened on February 10, 1900 and they were blessed with three children namely Lakambini, Luwalhati and Makaaraw.
He pursued law at the Academia de la Jurisprudencia then at Escuela Derecho de Manila (now Manila Law College Foundation) where he received Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. In late 1900, Santos started writing his own newspaper Ang Kaliwanagan. This was also the time when socialism becomes an emerging idea in world ideology. When José Ma. Dominador Goméz was charged and sentenced by the Supreme Court of sedition and illegal association against the government in 1903, Goméz's labor group Union Obrera Democratica Filipina (Philippine Democratic Labor Union) was absorbed by Santos. The group was renamed as Union del Trabajo de Filipinas, but was later dissolved in 1907.
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- It was only in 1922 when Senator Lope K. Santos authored the law making the birthday of Bonifacio a national holiday that the founder of the Katipunan was officially recognized as a Filipino hero. The contrast in the treatment of these two heroes made perfect sense from an American perspective.
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In 1903, Santos started publishing fragments of his first novel, Banaag at Sikat (From Early Dawn to Full Light) on his weekly labor magazine Muling Pagsilang (The Rebirth) and was completed in 1906. When published in book form, Santos' Banaag at Sikat was then considered as the first socialist-oriented book in the Philippines which expounded principles of socialism and seek labor reforms from the government. The book was later made an inspiration for the assembly of the 1932 Socialist Party of the Philippines and then the 1946 group Hukbalahap.
Santos became expert in dupluhan, a form of poetical debate during that time. Dupluhan can be compared to balagtasan which became popular half a century ago before Santos' time. He also founded Sampaguita, weekly lifestyle magazine.
In early 1910s, he started his campaign on promoting a 'national language for the Philippines', where he organized various symposia, lectures and headed numerous departments for national language in leading Philippine universities. In 1910, he was elected as governor of the province of Rizal under the Nacionalista Party. In 1918, he was appointed as the first Filipino governor of the newly resurveyed Nueva Vizcaya until 1920. Consequently, he was elected to the 5th Philippine Legislature as senator of the twelfth senatorial district representing provinces having a majority of non-Christian population. He was the primary author of Philippine Legislature Act No. 2946 which enacted November 30 every year as Bonifacio Day, honoring Andrés Bonifacio.[2]
In 1940, Santos published the first grammar book of the Filipino language, Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language) which was commissioned by the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (SWF). The next year, he was appointed by President Manuel L. Quezon as director of SWF until 1946. When the Philippines became a member of the United Nations he was selected to translate the 1935 Constitution for UNESCO. He was also appointed to assist for the translation of inaugural addresses of presidents Jose P. Laurel and Manuel A. Roxas.
Banaag at Sikat or From Early Dawn to Full Light is one of the first literary novels written by Filipino author Lope K. Santos in the Tagalog language in 1906. As a book that was considered as the 'Bible of working class Filipinos', the pages of the novel revolves around the life of Delfin, his love for a daughter of a rich landlord, while Lope K. Santos also discusses the social issues such.
In early 1960s, he underwent liver operations due to complication. Santos died on May 1, 1963.
Works[edit]
The works of Santos include the following:
- Banaag at Sikat (From Early Dawn to Full Light), 1903–06, first literary novel in Filipino language that incorporates socialist ideas and the works of the united associations of laborers.[3]
- Ag̃ 'Pag̃gig̃gera' (Tulag̃ Handog sa Kababaiga'g̃ Tagalog) (The 'Paḡgiḡgera' (A Poem for Tagalog Women)), 1912, paḡgiḡgera is a form of early 20th century gambling.[4]
- Kundanḡan..!: Nobelang Tagalog Katha (Deference..!: A Tagalog Novel), 1927, Santos' second literary novel.[5]
- Tinḡíng Pahapáw sa Kasaysayan ñg Pámitikang Tagalog (Few Points in the History of Tagalog Literature), 1938[6]
- Puso't Diwa (Heart and Spirit), three volume book collection of chosen poems of Santos during American period.
- Sino Ka? Ako'y Si.. 60 Sagot na mga Tulá (Who Are You? I am.. 60 Answering Poems), 1946, collection of philosophical poems.[7]
- Mga Hamak na Dakilà: 60 Tulâ (Mean Magnificent: 60 poems), 1950, humorous collection of war-period poems.[8]
- 'Makábagong' Balarilà?: Mga Puná at Payo sa 'Sariling Wikà' ('Modern' Grammar?: Views and Advices for 'National Language'), 1951, written in cooperation with Surian ng Wikang Pambansa director Cirilo H. Panganiban.[9] Ama ng Balarila ng Pilipinas
References[edit]
- ^'Our Heritage and the Departed: A Cemeteries Tour'. Presidential Museum & Library (Philippines). Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
- ^Why Celebrate Bonifacio Day?[permanent dead link]
- ^Quindoza-Santiago, Lilia (Dr.) Philippine Culture during the American Period), Publications about Culture and Arts, About Culture and Arts, ncca.gov.ph, 2002
- ^'Ag̃ 'Pag̃gig̃gera' (Tulag̃ Handog sa Kababaiga'g̃ Tagalog)
- ^Kundanḡan..!: Nobelang Tagalog Katha
- ^Ting̃íng Pahapáw sa Kasaysayan ñg Pámitikang Tagalog
- ^Sino Ka? Ako'y Si..
- ^Mga Hamak na Dakila
- ^'Makábagong' Balarilà?: Mga Puná at Payo sa 'Sariling Wikà'
- Herbert, Patricia. South-East Asia: languages and literatures : a select guide, 1989
- Panganiban, Jose Villa. Panitikan ng Pilipinas, 1982
- San Juan, Epifanio. Introduction to modern Pilipino literature, 1974
- Saulo, Alfredo. Communism in the Philippines: an introduction, 1990
- Ano ang babae? tula/ Lope K. Santos
See also[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lope_K._Santos&oldid=931309443'
(Redirected from From Early Dawn to Full Light)
Author | Lope K. Santos |
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Country | Philippines |
Language | Tagalog |
Genre | Fiction |
Publication date | 1906 |
Banaag at Sikat[1] or From Early Dawn to Full Light[2] is one of the first literary novels written by Filipino author Lope K. Santos in the Tagalog language in 1906.[3] As a book that was considered as the 'Bible of working class Filipinos',[3] the pages of the novel revolves around the life of Delfin, his love for a daughter of a rich landlord, while Lope K. Santos also discusses the social issues such as socialism, capitalism, and the works of the united associations of laborers.[4]
- 2Plot summary
- 4References
Analysis and reviews[edit]
Although a work that discusses politics in the Philippines,[5]Banaag at Sikat is the only novel included by the Filipino critic Teodoro Agoncillo to a list of important books about Tagalog literature in 1949, because according to Agoncillo the book has a weakness but it started the system of writing a Tagalog novel.[6] Thus, this book of Lope K. Santos paved the way on how to write other Tagalog-language novels[6] which has a combined themes about love, livelihood, and the truthful and moving status of society.[7] Furthermore, despite of being one of the first long narrative in the Philippines that provoked the mood of society, it also motivated the cause of the Hukbalahap (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon, literally the 'people’s army against the Japanese occupiers' during World War II).[8]
However, this is not the first Tagalog novel,[9] because Lope K. Santos' novel was published after Nena at Neneng - Nena and Neneng - (1905), which is considered as the first Tagalog novel published as a book and written by Valeriano Hernandez Peña.[9] Still, there was another Tagalog novel, Cababalaghan ni P. Brava (literally, P. Brava’s Mystery) by Gabriel Beato Francisco, which appeared in installment on the pages of the magazine Kapatid ng Bayan (literally, Comrades of the Nation) in 1899.[8]
Consumed By Gambling By Lope K. Santos Summary List
The title Banaag at Sikat is translated by critics and reviewers into From Early Dawn to Full Light of the sun, a translation derived from the reviews done by Patricio N. Abinales and Donna J. Amoroso.[2]
Plot summary[edit]
Primary characters[edit]
The novel is about two friends: Delfin and Felipe. Delfin is a socialist, while Felipe advocates the works of an anarchist. As a socialist, Delfin believes and wishes to spread the principles of socialism to the public, where the citizens could have more right in all the businesses, properties, and other national activities. Although he is poor who studies law and works as a writer for a newspaper, Delfin still strongly believes that a society inclined to the cause of the poor through peaceful means, a challenge that could be achieved through violence.[1]
On the other hand, Felipe – who advocates anarchy – believes in the forceful way of destroying the existing powers and cruelty harbored by the rich landowners. He wants to dispel the abusive members of society who rule society. Even though he is the son of a rich town leader, Felipe hates the cruel ways of his father. He would rather see a society with equal rights and equal status for all its citizens: where there is no difference between the poor and the rich classes.[1]
Selected scenes and scenarios[edit]
Due to his hatred of his life as a son of a cruel and rich landowner, Felipe left his home to live a life of poverty. He left his life of luxury in order to join the common class of society. He decided to live with Don Ramon, a godfather through the Catholic sacrament of confirmation, in Manila. Later on, Felipe also felt hatred against his godfather who was just like his father: a rich man cruel to his helpers. Felipe fell in love with Tentay, a commoner but with dignity despite of being poor. Felipe was forced by his father to return to their home in the town of Silangan, but was only forced to leave the home after teaching the farmers at household helpers about their inherent human rights.[1]
Don Ramon, Felipe’s godfather, has two siblings. Thalia was the eldest and Meni is the youngest daughter. Delfin - Felipe’s friend – fell in love with one of these two siblings, a woman named Meni. Meni became pregnant and was disowned by Don Ramon. Meni decided to live with Delfin to live as a commoner. Because of what Meni did, Don Ramon left the Philippines, together with a favored household helper named Tekong, but was murdered while in New York City. Don Ramon’s body was brought back to the Philippines by Ruperto, the long lost brother of Tentay, Felipe’s lover. It was Ruperto who revealed the reason why Don Ramon was killed by an unknown assailant: he was ruthless to his household helpers.[1]
The novel ends at a scene when Felipe and Delfin decided to stay for a while at the grave of Don Ramon. They talked about their principles and social beliefs. They left the cemetery while approaching the darkness and the depth of the night.[1]
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Consumed By Gambling By Lope K. Santos Summary 2
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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Footnotes[edit]
- ^ abcdefSantos, Lope K. Banaag at Sikat, Bookmark, Philippines, 1988
- ^ abAbinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso. State and Society in the Philippines, a review, Lanham, New York, Oxford:Publications of Rowman and Littlefield, Inc., 2005, page 27/xxxiv-with 353 pages/; and Newsletter of IAAS/number 43, iaas.nl, ISBN0-7425-1024-7
- ^ abList of Recommended Titles), pcgny.net, November 11, 2002
- ^Quindoza-Santiago, Lilia (Dr.) Philippine Culture during the American Period), Publications about Culture and Arts, About Culture and Arts, ncca.gov.ph, 2002
- ^Rivas, Virgilio. Literary Approaches, Reflections of Kafka, veraqivas.wordpress.com, July 27, 2006
- ^ abMallari, Luisa J. The Canon in Southeast Asian Literatures: Literatures of Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, David Smyth (editor), Curzon/Routledge, 2000ISBN0-7007-1090-6
- ^San Juan, Epifanio. The Philippine Temptation: Dialectics of Philippines-U.S. Literary Relations, Temple University Press, 1996, page 218/total of 305 pages, ISBN1-56639-418-X
- ^ abHerbert, Patricia M. and Anthony Crothers Milner (editors), “Philippines”, Southeast Asia: Languages and Literatures – A Select Guide, Southeast Asian Group of Libraries, 1989, ISBN0-8248-1267-0
- ^ ab“100 Tagalog Novels”, filipiniana.net, WikiPilipinas, 2007
Bibliography[edit]
Consumed By Gambling By Lope K. Santos Summary Youtube
- Brakel, L. F., M. Balfas, Mohd. Taib Bin Osman, J. Gonda, Bahrum Rangkuti, B. Lumbera, and Hans Kahler. Literaturen (Literature), in English and German, L. J. Brill Archives, 1976, ISBN90-04-04331-4.
- Talledo, Tomas. Only By Struggle: Reflections on Philippine Culture, Politics and Society by Epifanio San Juan, Jr., Giraffe Books, Quezon City, Philippines, 2002, Ibon.org. 2008[permanent dead link]
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